Critiquing a Position Description in Relation to Health Promotion Essay

Critiquing a Position Description in Relation to Health Promotion - Essay Example The human resource manager, which is a position I would like to apply for, is well established to pursue the identification, assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of health promotion programs. The human resource manager already addresses health promotions activities such as personal employee wellbeing, ensuring a stress free working environment, and promoting mental wellbeing by ensuring the employees have time for debriefing and breaks. Health promotion is recognised under the docket of management, with a project manager or health promotion director mandated to run the program (O'Connor-Fleming & Parker 2001, p.112). However, I argue that the health promotion should be under the directorship of the human resource manager who has the capacity to develop workplace structures to ensure safe workplace environments. Agreeably, health promotion does not primarily focus on safe workplace, but incorporates aspects of this role of the human resource manager, namely personal wellbeing, safe facilities, and ensuring safety. This assumption is derived from the description of health promotion that it comprises of educational, organisational, and environmental activities designed to promote employee health and safety including that of their families (Chenoweth 2000, p.5). The activities lead to an improvement of health and wellbeing among the community members, and help in maintaining good mental, physical, economic, and social wellbeing, that facilitates the improvement of the workplace and employee productivity. As noted in the introduction, the human resource manager develops with some of the activities attributed with health promotion. These include ensuring mental wellbeing by facilitating debriefing sessions and ensuring employees have times for breaks, promoting a stress free environment, and looking after personal wellness, including physical fitness, self-confidence, job satisfaction, emotional well-being, and motivation as part of safe workplace programs (McNamara 2009). Furthermore, efficient working environment and health promotion is enhanced when the human resource management is part of decision-making because health promotion involve the human component, which is the work of the human resource department (Erven 2008). Despite the work already being done by the human resource manager and the potential in health promotion, some of the aspects of health promotion are dependent on the higher management, whereas they would be more effective under the human resource management. The health promotion attributes left out of the human resource manager docket include programme planning, advocacy, lobbying, networking, and implementation of activities classified as health promotion. These activities have been under higher management that mostly appoints a health educator to address the educational approaches, and ensure information transmission as well as planning and evaluation of the programmes (O'Connor-Fleming & Parker 2001, p.115). Instead, these should be part of the human resource manager, who can pursue effective methods of planning through to evaluation of the programme activities. Agreeably, even when the aspects of health promotion are embedded with human resource manager's duties, critical integration should be addressed to ensure the manager maintains all the critical phases. The

A comparison of Public and Private Policing in America Essay Example for Free

A comparison of Public and Private Policing in America Essay The responsibility of citizen protection, property security, and the maintaining of law and order in a community is traditionally taken on by the public police department. The police personnel are hired, paid, and report to officials at various levels of the local government. Local responsibilities usually fall under the umbrella of the city police department or county Sheriff, while other tasks such as patrolling our highways may be the responsibility of the state police. An increase in population, growth of industry, and a rise in crime have resulted in the inability of many police departments to effectively provide services as in the past. The result is the emergence of private police departments and private security companies. Private police departments have been operating since the early 1970’s (although private security companies have been in existence much longer). Large corporations, gated communities, retail establishments, and businesses that engage in government contracting all have formed private police departments. These departments, however, have not been met without criticism, skepticism and debate. Arguments have been made that the private departments are not adequately trained, lack professionalism, and do not have the authority of public police departments. This may be partially true but each private department needs to be examined individually to better assess these arguments. Some private departments require officers to attend law enforcement academies along side officers from municipal departments. This ensures the proper training is obtained and creates a more professional department. The responsibilities of a private police department have also been met with criticism. A comparison of responsibilities shows that many of the private departments perform the same duties and function in a similar manner to that of the public departments. In fact, Zalewski (2007) suggested that â€Å"the functions performed by the private organizations are not dissimilar to the functions of the public services†. Both public and private departments enforce laws, protect lives and property, and are required to report to higher authority. The manner in which, and to whom these responsibilities are carried out do differ in many ways. According to Joh (2006) public police systems and policies are governed by law. The U. S. Constitution, state constitutions, and local ordinances provide parameters establishing many of the procedures used in police work. Public police must also be responsive to requests of an entire community, city, town, or state. The interest of all citizens regardless of where he or she lives or works is protected by the public police. The need to protect all citizens of the community may give some citizens the feeling that not enough patrols are being made because of lack of exposure of the police. All public police officers are required to attend a law enforcement training academy and undergo field training prior to performing the duties and meeting the needs of the community. In many instances psychological evaluations are part of the screening process for entry into the police field. Private police departments and their personnel are governed by the policies established by the business or client paying for the service. An exception to this is a case in which an officer attends a municipal training academy and receives a state certification. These officers are also bound by the policies and regulations set forth by the local government in addition to the business or client. Although Joh (2004) suggested that there is difficulty in distinguishing the differences between the responsibilities, function, and appearance of the departments, the law recognizes an absolute distinction. Joh suggested that the private police are â€Å"unburdened by the constitutional criminal procedure or state regulation†. Zalewski (2007) indicated there were several more distinctions between the public and private police. Training, accountability, and job responsibilities may vary depending on the business or client associated with the private police. They receive minimal training as compared to the public officers. They are accountable to the client or business owner, instead of government officials and the citizens of the community. The job is primarily that of securing the property and interests of the client as compared to the general public as in the case with public police. Private police are also constrained to the boundaries of the client when performing duties. They are not allowed to conduct law enforcement work in the city streets. Training is a very controversial issue in the comparison of public versus private policing. As previously mentioned, public police officers attend an extensive and intensive training program supported by the local and state government. Part of the recruiting process usually involves written, oral and psychological testing to ensure candidates have the capability to learn the legal aspect of the job, and the psychological capability to deal with the unknown and sometimes grueling calls for service. Field training with an experienced officer is also a requirement to allow the recruits the opportunity to demonstrate their acquired skills and learn additional procedures that are better taught in a â€Å"hands-on† environment instead of the classroom. In contrast, O’Leary (1994) suggested that the training of most private police and security officers is limited, at best. The only training some of these officers receive is in the use of firearms. Training in areas such as search and seizure and other legal issues is almost non-existent within a private police department and O’Leary indicated it is critical that officers receive constant training in these areas. An argument against the private police department could be that the lack of training is putting the officers at potential risk. They may be called upon to handle a situation in which they received no training or had limited exposure to it. Although these risks may be associated with the public police also, there is a greater probability that the public police have received more training, and will probably have assistance from other officers patrolling the streets when they come upon a risky situation. Although there are an increasing number of private police departments, the shift away from the public police to maintain community security has been gradual (Noaks, 2000). Most organizations opting for the private policing are do so with extreme care, an in many instances, with the assistance of the public police. For instance, a local gated community has its own private police department. The police are responsible for protecting the lives of the residents within the community as well as patrolling the entire boundary and streets of the property including all of the facilities and buildings. Most of the officers on this department have attended a municipal law enforcement training academy, and therefore, respond to criminal complaints within the boundaries of the property. Summons’ can be issued and arrests made when the officers determine a crime has been committed. Depending on the nature of the crime however, a local public police may also be called in to assist the private police. The local police may have more experience handling particular situations, but also have more resources available to them, such as mental health counselors or social workers, in the event of possible suicide or other domestic cases. The growing population, increase in crime, and limited resources of public police make private police departments valuable assets. Although the controversy and debate over the abilities and responsibilities will probably continue, there is evidence that communities, businesses, and other private entities can benefit from both private and public policing. There are obvious differences in organizational and operational structures between the different departments, but the overall job is quite similar. Both types of departments are tasked with protecting life and property and assisting residents or citizens.

Essay on the Downfall of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart

The Downfall of Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe's novel, Things Fall Apart, uses the changes in African tribal culture brought about by European colonization to illustrate the evolution of the character Okonkwo. As Okonkwo leads his life, his experiences, personality and thought are revealed to the reader. The obstacles he faces in life are made numerous as time progresses. Okonkwo's most significant challenge originates within himself. He also encounters problems not only when in opposition to the white culture, but in his own culture, as he becomes frustrated with tribal ideals that conflict with his own. The last adversary he encounters is of the physical world, brought upon himself by his emotional and cultural problems. The manner through which Okonkwo addresses his adversaries in Things Fall Apart creates the mechanism that leads to his eventual destruction. The greatest opponent in life is the one that is created inside the mind. As Okonkwo grows up, he decides to be the absolute antipodes of his father Unoka. Okonkwo perceives his father as a culmination of the weaknesses in man. In this erroneous view, Okonkwo buries his feelings deep within himself. When these emotions emerge, he views them as a sign of weakness. When Okonkwo participates in Ikemefuna's killing, he is deeply affected as he has ended the life of one who he grew to love as a son. Okonkwo is excessively depressed after the slaying, "not tasting any food for two days." (61) As he notices his confusion, he calls himself weak like a shivering old woman. In his emotionless show of strength after Ikemefuna's death, Okonkwo actually proves his frailty by hiding what he feels. Okonkwo is dominated by his private fear of appeari... ...clansmen come to decide what they should do, Okonkwo has already chosen war. As the messenger arrives to order an end to the meeting, Okonkwo is once again driven by his rage and kills the messenger. He realizes that the others were not prepared to fight, and he comes to understand the consequences of his actions. Instead of being executed, Okonkwo decides to take his own life. Okonkwo takes his life as he sees himself a lone warrior in a society of weaklings. This isolation is truly imposed by his decision of how to handle the conflicts which he encounters. His unitary channeling of emotions, cultural inflexibility, and tendency to seek physical confrontation are compiled into a single notion. The idealized vision of a warrior by which Okonkwo lives is the instrument that leads to the climax of Achebe's novel, Things Fall Apart: Okonkwo's demise.

Compromise of 1850 Essay -- essays research papers

In January of 1848, gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill, which is now in present-day California. From 1848-1849, 300,000 people rushed to California in search of gold. These gold-seekers, nicknamed â€Å"Forty-Niners†, came from all over the world. Most of the Forty-Niners came from the rest of America, but some even came from Europe, Australia, Latin America, and Asia. Because of the huge gold rush, roads, churches, schools, canals, cities, and towns were established in the California area. This new economic explosion influenced California to become a state in the Union. In late 1849, California applied for admission as a free state in the Union. The problem with this request was the geographical dividing line that congress created in the Missouri Compromise to separate the free states in the north, and the slave states in the south. The dividing line went right through the middle of California, making congress debate whether California should be a free state or a slave state. Congressmen argued over the topic, bringing Henry Clay out of retirement to help figure out a compromise. Clay...

Analysis Of Scientific Glass Inventory Management Finance Essay

The products of Scientific Glass include customized and specialized glassware for a variety of organizations such as pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, research labs, quality-control sites and testing facilities. By January 2010, a substantial increase in their inventory balances tied up the capital needed for investment for expansion. The debt-to-capital ratio exceeded the 40% target preventing the company to use their capital in other areas. Also the shipping costs were rising, competitive pressures were speeding up, and certain markets in North America and Europe were becoming saturated which underscored the necessity for capital investment for expanding market opportunities in Latin America and Asia. Moreover, expanding warehousing network increased the inventory levels along with costs, documentation complexities and errors. The company hired a new Manager of Inventory Planning, Ava Beane, to come up with an effective plan to manage SG’ s inventory without requiring a large capital investment. In order to finance operations in year 2010, SG requires an external funding of $53.8 million. These expenses would further limit the company to use their existing capital in other areas such as research and development and expanding to international markets. To improve customer service levels, SG had increased the target customer fill rate to 99% and added six more leased ware houses to meet the demand more accurately. This led to an increase in the inventory levels as some warehouse managers kept extra inventory in order to meet the company target fill rate. Good practices Maintained continued sales growth and higher customer satisfaction Produced creative products with lower life cycle costs Focused on durable products, innovative designs and superior customer services Reduced time between ordering and delivering the products to the customers Bad practices Treated inventory management as an afterthought, due to which inventory imbalances were increasing The company exceeded its target debt to capital ratio of 40% Incurred both underage and overage costs High Inventory Problem Due to increasing in customer service level, SG planned to add regional  warehouses in many parts US. SG has the main and the largest one in Waltham, MA, which is next to manufacturing plant. SG also has another warehouse that located outside of Phoenix, Arizona. However, at the end of 2008, SG bought other six warehouses. This means SG has the total 8 warehouses to serve customers. Annual rental and operation costs for North American warehouses were 15% of the cost of the warehoused inventory. However, in 2006, before add more 6 warehouses, SG already made investment to expand the warehouse at Waltham in anticipation of continued growth, but after these 6 warehouses had been bought, this warehouse does not work full efficiency of its capacity. Another problem of warehouse management is company expected to reach high level of customer service to 99%, so that warehouse managers keep order inventory ahead before it reach threshold of inventory level to order new one to assure that they will meet the customer service target level at 99%. This situation causes high inventory levels than required and also high inventory turnover. Moreover, salespeople were allowed to have its products up to $10,000 worth from ware house and keep them in trunk stock in their homes and cars in order to deliver this inventory on short notice to any customer who was within driving distance. This amount could lead to high finished goods in warehouse and in-transit. It could lead to missing products in inventory, and lost. Proposed solutions to inventory problem In order to solve the inventory issues, two main aspects need to be considered: Number of warehouses and their structure can be changed; Related policies can be changed and more appropriate policies need to be implemented. For changing the number of warehouses, in other words, centralizing or decentralizing warehousing functions, the different options considered are as follows: Centralized warehousing in Waltham: This option uses a single central warehouse near to manufacturing facility at Waltham and will send all customer orders from this one location. Centralized warehousing in Waltham to meet demand in Southeast and Northeast regions used the delivery service of Winged Fleet as their rates are cheaper for these two regions. This would allow SG to pool its inventory in one place in order to meet demand. But the customer response times would  increase Decentralized warehousing: This option considers more number of warehouses rather than having a single centralized warehouse to meet the demand better and reduce customer response time. Continuing with 8 warehouses: This option makes no change on the network of the warehouses and all regions will be supplied its warehouse if there is no stock-out occurs. Two centralized warehouses: In this option, the additional warehouse will be at the west at Phoenix and it will be supplied from Waltham. Demand of east region will be met from Waltham, demand of west region will be met from Phoenix and demand of central region will be met from both warehouses, assuming to have equal shares on the central region. This option may also consider including the warehouse at Dallas In addition to the main warehouse at Waltham. This additional warehouse would be supplied from Waltham. This would allow demand to be met for all other regions and prevent any stock-outs in a single warehouse. Outsourcing the warehousing functions: In this option, all warehousing actions will be outsourced to Global Logistics (GL) and distribution will start from main warehouse at Waltham and then GL will be responsible from rest of the operations. Outsource warehousing to GL to meet demand in the Central, Southwest and Northwest regions because shipping costs for those regions is cheapest with the GL rates. Outsource warehousing to Global Logistics (GL) which will provide a centralized warehousing in Atlanta. Goods will be transported in bulk from Waltham to Atlanta and GL would take responsibility of inventory-control and delivery to the customers. This way SG would not have to bear the warehouse rental charges and could focus on increasing sales and develop newer products to meet customer needs. Evaluation of the proposed solutions Having proposed certain options for inventory management, the evaluation of the different options needs to be evaluated using certain parameters to arrive at a conclusion on which would be comparatively the better option to be followed for scientific glass. Evaluation of different options will be conducted based on the following five parameters: Transportation costs, Average inventory levels, Time responsiveness, Fill rates and Additional costs and benefits Since all the products of scientific glass can be arrived out based on the analysis of its 2 products namely Griffin and Erlenmeyer, since they are mentioned as the best representative for a total of nearly 3000 products of Scientific Glass, all the parameters are analyzed for these products to arrive at a conclusion. Transportation Costs: Transportation costs for different options would be calculated for the two products, namely Griffin and Erlenmeyer. In addition, for each option, demand for the next year calculated considering the 20% increase in sales. When warehouse to customer shipments are considered average shipment weight of 19, 5 pound is used and to have an average transportation cost value, these two products’ costs are averaged according to their relative proportion in sales. Inter-warehouse transshipments occur only when stock-out occurs and as the numbers of warehouses are decreasing, effect of these costs will be diminished; therefore, it is only considered in the option where there are 8 warehouses. Option Transportation cost($) Centralized warehouse – all customer shipments are calculated for rates of Winged Fleet 12210, 16 8 warehouses- having 8 warehouses and making no change, from Waltham to all other 7 warehouses all items are sent by bulk shipment. Inter-warehouse transshipments are calculated by bulk shipment rates and they are considered only when a stock-out occurs, therefore fill rate is included in these calculations 2701, 41 2 warehouses – , when two centralized warehouses considered, it is assumed that Waltham will supply east region, Phoenix will supply will west region and they will equally supply the central region 2332, 07 Outsourcing – when warehousing functions are outsourced, assuming the 5 regions of Global Logistics (GL) will have equal amount of demand 2276, 83 To conclude, as it is expected, when numbers of warehouses are decreased transportation costs are increased. From the aspect of transportation costs, GL option has the smallest cost amount. Average Inventory Levels: The inventory policy to be used by the company needs to be decided. Begin with the review type; although firm monitors the entire inventory transfers from Waltham warehouse to other warehouses; they think taking physical counts of inventory at all warehouses. Therefore, it is concluded that company uses periodic inventory review policy. Company did not mention any due date, therefore the inventory plans should consider infinite time horizon. Though there exists a fixed cost for shipments from warehouses to customers; there is no other fixed cost related to transportation to the warehouses, i.e. no fixed ordering cost. The only order cost is $0.40 per pound bulk shipment cost which is a variable cost with weight. As a result, all analysis can be conducted considering critical ratios and the related fill rate values, which is the only option that is left and also it is considered as the most applicable to the situation. Since some of the simultaneous changes can be done, considering ce teris paribus principle and when fill rate is maintained exactly as 99% for all warehouses, we can calculate the average inventory level that must be kept at warehouses. Weighted-average biweekly inventory levels are found as: 8 warehouses : 98853 2 warehouses : 68034 1 warehouse : 59703 Outsourcing : 59703 When outsourcing option is used, it will be the same for the company in the sense of kept inventory levels for the one-centralized-warehouse option therefore they are assumed to be equal. As number of warehouse decreases, level of inventory decreases as it is expected. This is because, â€Å"the greater the degree of collaboration, the lower the uncertainty (standard  deviation of the error or coefficient of variation) of the demand model† This implies that the money tied up in the inventory decreases and this extra capital can be used in other areas, like expansion plans to international markets Based on average inventory levels, either single centralized warehouse or outsourcing gives equal results. Time Responsiveness: Delivery system of the company compensates 2 weeks of shipment cycles including the stock-out situations. In order to be a market leader, differentiation on this subject is also needed and unfortunately since this is not an exact quantitative scale, only possible situations could be mentioned. For having one centralized, or two centralized or 8 decentralized warehouse options, they all include at most 3 days ready to shipment duration and Winged Fleet’s delivery time of at most 3 days if there is no stock-out situation and the stock-out probabilities are diminishing with the aggregated demands. On the other hand, GL has 1-day premium shipment in addition to 3-day regular shipments. Considering the highly growing market situation and different segment of products, having different delivery times to different products and also to different customers will make this company focus on the most yielding areas. Therefore, it can be said that working with GL has the advantage of differ entiating customers/orders and, since there will be 2 warehouses, stock-out probability and related durations will be less compared to other options. And all of these aspects will increase the time responsiveness of the company. Additional Costs and Benefits: Quantitative issues to related to options of inventory management In order to continue with the current 8 warehouses total of $10M investment is necessary, it is assumed that all of this amount will be equally shared among all warehouses. Since warehouse operating costs will be the 15% of the total warehoused inventory, these costs could be directly compared with the annual average inventory levels that are kept in each option The amount paid to sales forces will not change when the company has 1, 2 or 8 warehouses because it is assumed that as the number of warehouses decreased, number of salesperson per warehouse will increase and total number of sales persons will not change. On the other hand, when warehousing is outsourced this  amount will not be paid Qualitative issues to related to options of inventory management. When GL is used for warehousing, SG’s senior managers will be able to focus on increasing sales, marketing issues and developing next generation of products. Stopping the practice of trunk stock could lead to a decrease in the time responsiveness and therefore it should not be stopped. Improving the controlling systems will create a better understanding of the current situation after the warehousing functions changed. Finally, when GL is used, the approach of warehouse managers to keep more than 99% fill rate and 60-day-supply will not be a problem, because all of these operating issues will be responsibility of GL. This will help to company not to keep excessive amount of inventory and less tied-up money in the inventory which can be used in other areas. Fill Rate: Company’s fill rate policy should also be calculated for the different options. The company replaced the earlier fill rate policy of 93%, which is only marginally better that the industry average fill rate of 92%, with 99%. However, there is no sign that the company is implementing this policy because it is the best approach that must be taken for the company objectives. Moreover, using a fill rate higher than optimal level leads to higher inventories and more money tied up in the inventory. Therefore, company should lower the rates down to optimal levels, if there is no other concern related to market leadership or customer satisfaction. To calculate the optimal levels of fill rates for all four options the cost items which are added to underage and overage costs also needs to be considered. The underage costs are 10% of the gross margin and overage costs are 0.6% of the unit cost of any product. Also it is assumed that unit costs covers all the costs such as warehouse rental and operation costs, cost of capital and inventory write-offs. For the three options other than outsourcing, there is no change in cost items, only the multiplied quantities are changed; but the outsourcing alternative eliminates the 15% warehouse rental and operating costs and 1% inventory write-offs. As a result, overage costs are decreased while underage costs are increased. Resulting optimal fill rates are as follows: 1, 2, or 8 warehouses Outsourcing Griffin 95.4% 96.5% Erlenmeyer 94.9% 96.1% These numbers can be interpreted in two different ways: If company is flexible about the determination of fill rate, in other words if it can lower the fill-rates from 99% to optimal levels, outsourcing option pushes the optimal fill rates to higher levels which results in larger inventories and more money to tie up. If the company still insists on keeping fill rate at 99%, the additional costs that must be paid to maintain 99% fill-rate level is lowered in the outsourcing alternative. Consequently, the better policy related to fill rates depend on the attitude of the company. Finally, another policy change about fill-rates can be considered. Rather than using one fill-rate for over all products of the company, different rates for different products can help the company in decreasing inventory costs related to, at least, for some of the products. Conclusion To conclude, since available options are studied from different aspects, it must be mentioned that the company should choose the alternatives and compare the results of evaluations according to their priorities. For instance, evaluation criteria like inventory levels and transportation costs are conflicting on interests. Company can see their situation and make decisions according to priorities. While assessing the weights for factors, it is considered that average inventory level and the transportation costs are the most important costs for the company. Then, the fill rate follows them. Time responsiveness is the next important factor which is followed by additional costs and benefits with equal weights for each. Changes in warehouse management are considered as options other than outsourcing do not provide radical policy changes which could make warehousing management better. These weights and the scores related to the investigations yield that the outsourcing the warehousing  function to Global Logistics is the best alternative among all. All of investigations and cost studies conducted are to find the most cost effective option in order to getting closer to the target debt to capital ratio of the company and provide more capital to fund expansion into new international markets while maintaining or even improving the high customer satisfaction level

boy scouting essays

boy scouting essays Boy Scouting has effected the lives of many young men between the age of twelve and eight-teen. Over one million boys have been effected in America alone since 1910 when Boy Scouting was incorporated. But the story of Boy Scouting started before 1910. The Story begins in 1844, when the YMCA was founded in London. The YMCA laid the foundation for the largest organization for boys. Within the next fifteen years three of the most important figures in boy scouting were born. They are Daniel Carter Beard, a great outdoorsmen, Robert Baden Powell, the founder of boy scouting, and Ernest Thompson Seton, who was also skilled in the outdoors. Then in 1876, the First Boys Club was established. This was Americas first version of the Boy Scouts. This was soon followed by a number of organizations from 1902 until 1907. Some of these include Woodcraft Indians, founded by Seton; Sons of Daniel Boone, founded by Beard; the Boys Club and the Brownsea Island Experiment. In 1910 Boy Scouts came to America officially. The legendary story goes as follows. One foggy day in 1909 and American Businessman named William D. Boyce lost his way in the fog. So he stopped under a street light to read his map when he was approached by a young British boy. The boy asked the man if he could help and the man said certainly. The boy showed the man to his destination. When the man offered the boy a tip the boy responded that he would not except anything from the man because he was a scout. Boyce became very interested in this and later met with Lord Robert Baden-Powell. He was a famous British general who had founded the scouting movement in Great Britain. He was so impressed with what he learned that he brought the movement home with him. On February 8, 1910, William D. Boyce officially incorporated Boy Scouts of America. Later in that same year, the first scout handbook was published. It was en ...

Essay on chapter 1

Essay on chapter 1 Essay on chapter 1 Shahin Fattahian Acct – 205 Homework Chapters 1 & 2 1-4) a) As of September 30th 2014, 526 foreign companies are on the NYSE per the link below, from 47 different countries. https://www.nyse.com/publicdocs/nyse/listing/CurListofallStocks.pdf b) Per link above, the 5 countries with the largest number of foreign companies on the NYSE are: Canada (150), China (72), Brazil (26), U.K. (32), and Bermuda (22). c) The US is the largest economy in the world with the largest stock market, including the biggest companies with the most money. It would make it easier to purchase other companies through stock swaps and they would have the same currency (the dollar), making it easier to do business with US companies. They might also invest in the NYSE to obtain capital in the US at a more reasonable cost than is available in their home country. Case 1-1 There are financial reporting difficulties resulting from foreign direct investment of opening the facility in China such as the conversion of foreign accounting practices to the parent companies accounting practices. There are also issues with the translation of foreign currency to the parent company currency when preparing and reporting consolidated financial statements. There are taxation issues that arise from foreign direct investment. They will have to become experts on taxation in the country they are investing in, as well as an expert in taxation of investments in foreign countries from the investor’s home country. There are considerations to be made for evaluating the performance of foreign operations, such as deciding which currency to evaluate performance on, and deciding whether to factor out of the performance measure, those items which the foreign operations managers have no control. 2-4) Gray’s Secrecy Hypothesis – high secrecy = high power distance, high uncertainty avoidance, low individualism, low masculinity and high long-term orientation. power distance uncertainty avoidance individualism masculinity Long-term orientation # matching hypothesis belgium high high high high low 2 brazil high high medium high high 3 korea high high low low high 5 netherlands low medium high low high 2 sweden low low high low low 1 thailand high medium low low high 3 Korea has the highest level of security, then

Learn More About Conjugations for the Italian Verb Sedersi

Learn More About Conjugations for the Italian Verb Sedersi sedersi: to sit (down), to take a seat​ Irregular second-conjugation Italian verbReflexive verb  (requires a  reflexive pronoun) INDICATIVE/INDICATIVO Presente io mi siedo/seggo tu ti siedi lui, lei, Lei si siede noi ci sediamo voi vi sedete loro, Loro si siedono/seggono Imperfetto io mi sedevo tu ti sedevi lui, lei, Lei si sedeva noi ci sedevamo voi vi sedevate loro, Loro si sedevano Passato remoto io mi sedei/sedetti tu ti sedesti lui, lei, Lei si sed/sedette noi ci sedemmo voi vi sedeste loro, Loro si sederono/sedettero Futuro semplice io mi seder tu ti sederai lui, lei, Lei si seder noi ci sederemo voi vi sederete loro, Loro si sederanno Passato prossimo io mi sono seduto/a tu ti sei seduto/a lui, lei, Lei si seduto/a noi ci siamo seduti/e voi vi siete seduti/e loro, Loro si sono seduti/e Trapassato prossimo io mi ero seduto/a tu ti eri seduto/a lui, lei, Lei si era seduto/a noi ci eravamo seduti/e voi vi eravate seduti/e loro, Loro si erano seduti/e Trapassato remoto io mi fui seduto/a tu ti fosti seduto/a lui, lei, Lei si fu seduto/a noi ci fummo seduti/e voi vi foste seduti/e loro, Loro si furono seduti/e Future anteriore io mi sar seduto/a tu ti sarai seduto/a lui, lei, Lei si sar seduto/a noi ci saremo seduti/e voi vi sarete seduti/e loro, Loro si saranno seduti/e SUBJUNCTIVE/CONGIUNTIVO Presente io mi sieda/segga tu ti sieda/segga lui, lei, Lei si sieda/segga noi ci sediamo voi vi sediate loro, Loro si siedano/seggano Imperfetto io mi sedessi tu ti sedessi lui, lei, Lei si sedesse noi ci sedessimo voi vi sedeste loro, Loro si sedessero Passato io mi sia seduto/a tu ti sia seduto/a lui, lei, Lei si sia seduto/a noi ci siamo seduti/e voi vi siate seduti/e loro, Loro si siano seduti/e Trapassato io mi fossi seduto/a tu ti fossi seduto/a lui, lei, Lei si fosse seduto/a noi ci fossimo seduti/e voi vi foste seduti/e loro, Loro si fossero seduti/e CONDITIONAL/CONDIZIONALE Presente io mi sederei tu ti sederesti lui, lei, Lei si sederebbe noi ci sederemmo voi vi sedereste loro, Loro si sederebbero Passato io mi sarei seduto/a tu ti saresti seduto/a lui, lei, Lei si sarebbe seduto/a noi ci saremmo seduti/e voi vi sareste seduti/e loro, Loro si sarebbero seduti/e IMPERATIVE/IMPERATIVO Presente - siediti si sieda/segga, sediamoci sedetevi, si siedano/seggano INFINITIVE/INFINITO Presente  - sedersi Passato - essersi seduto PARTICIPLE/PARTICIPIO Presente - sedentesi ​ Passato  - sedutosi GERUND/GERUNDIO Presente ​- sedendosi Passato - essendosi seduto 1001 Italian Verbs:  A  |  B  |  C  |  D  |  E  |  F  |  G  | H |  I  | JK |  L  |  M  |  N  |  O  |  P  |  Q  |  R  |  S  |  T  |  U  |  V  | W | X | Y |  Z

A Commentary or Analysis on Recent Economic Issues Essay

A Commentary or Analysis on Recent Economic Issues - Essay Example As the report declares the higher growth in 2004 reflects, that there has been collective progress in economic conditions except in the South Asian and Common Wealth Countries, where growth slowed down, yet remained at 6 and 7 percent. The growth in majority of the developing countries occurred in the manufacturing, with continuous growth in 2005. In the developed countries the economic performance remained mixed. North America growth was strong, with moderate growth in Japan, however pace remained slow in Europe, with the exception of new EU members. This essay stresses that the world economy has slowed down due to a number of reasons, with basic reason being the sudden and un-expected shocks in 2004, such as Tsunami in Asia and the latest stun is the increase in oil prices by 60 percent in first ten months, although it eased at the end of year. A much greater surprise was the fluctuating exchange rate among difference currencies with Euro and Yen appreciating by 14 and 11 percent respectively. And the last surprise was the increase in commodity prices due to increase in oil prices, especially in developing countries. However the picture of world economy is not as rosy as it seems in figure. One major problem in today’s world economy is unemployment and the under employment which is prevalent in developing counties. Unless unemployment is reduced, it is hard to reduce poverty. The East Asia, the fastest developing region is facing the problem of un-employment.

Depth of hypnotic trance will differ depend on language use Literature review

Depth of hypnotic trance will differ depend on language use - Literature review Example justice system, but generally there is agreement that hypnosis is a valuable technique when carried out responsibly by professionally qualified practitioners. Most of the empirical research that has been carried out to date is concerned with hypnosis in a monolingual context. Both practitioner and client share a common language, the subject matter that arises in the hypnosis sessions is collected in that shared language, and evaluation is also conducted in that language. Theoretical research has taken account of international work which has been conducted in many separate mono-lingual contexts, but there is so far not very much comparative work on the differences which might exist in different linguistic contexts. There is one dominant framework for the measurement of hypnotic sensibility, and that is the Harvard Group Scale, (Shore and Orne, 1962) which was developed in the United States in the 1960s, based, of course, on hypnosis using the English language. Analysis of bi-lingual hypnosis situations, and evaluation of any variation of the effect of different languages on the hypnosis process is very rare. Hypnosis in the twenty first century has not changed very much since the time when the Harvard Group Scale was first proposed. What has changed is the amount of international contact due to forces like the end of the Cold War, the process of globalisation and the advent of new technologies like the internet and fast, affordable international travel. Both permanent and temporary migration of population groups appears to be on the increase, and this means that in all areas of life, including the field of psychology, people are being faced with new challenges. There is an increasing likelihood that professional contact will be made with people who may not share the same ethnic, cultural and linguistic heritage. Diversity is increasingly being built in to business processes and services. In addition to these practical dimensions of globalisation, there are

Is the Arab world changing for the better Essay

Is the Arab world changing for the better - Essay Example As a result of these conflicts, some of these countries have made conclusions in transforming the governments and pave the way toward democracy and social justice. Hence, education, frequent communication, and high rate of population increase in the Arab world, no government could be able to be stopped from the winds of democratic change. Primarily, the Arab Spring may attest to be as transitional stepping stone towards change just like the European rebellions of 1848 that did not at once produce operational democracies. This is whereby the Arab Spring has created a new perception of the Arabs especially the young people’s capabilities and ambitions whereby they desire more liberty, employment, parity, and justice in their countries. They demand to be listened to, appreciated, and take active participation in decision making regarding their current, future plus the future of their communities and states. Tunisia, for example, has confirmed to the entire world that Arab World is not resistant from democratic change, and following several years of experimentation with the replica of armed revolution that merely led to violence, demolitions, and disillusionment, Tunisia gives a new form of transformation through tranquil demonstration and popular revolution. According to Serag El-Din during the conference held in Egypt on Arab Reform Initiative, the Arab countries has witnessed transformation, indicating that Arab constitutions ought to fight the logical inflexibility that subjugated the constitutional thought in the previous decades. Additionally, they demand to be heard in matters regarding the transformation towards authentic democracy because it is a novel atmosphere for them to that takes into consideration their stronger civic engagement. Hence, the new constitutions will take the Arab world to a new and bright future, therefore, the measures that would be undertaken regarding democracy through the electing of new

Which Are The Effects Of Political Marketing In The Parliamentary Essay

Which Are The Effects Of Political Marketing In The Parliamentary Elections Of 2004 In Greece - Essay Example Opinion polls for the last year have given the right-of-center opposition New Democracy party (ND) a commanding lead, while Costas Simitis, the reformist prime minister and PASOK leader who steered Greece into the euro zone, has lost ground to Costas Karamanlis, his younger conservative rival. True, the ND party came out ahead of PASOK, winning mayoral races in Athens and Thessaloniki, Greece's two biggest cities. Furthermore, the conservatives exploited farmers' dissatisfaction with declining European Union subsidies to win thirty out of fifty-two provincial governor's posts. But PASOK held on to the high-profile post of Attica governor--won comfortably by Fofi Gennimata, a rising star and one of only a handful of women in the party's upper echelons. Overall, barely two percentage points separated the two big parties. While ND is still the favorite to win the next general election--not due until spring 2004 but likely to be held earlier--PASOK has shown remarkable powers of resilience. A feel-good factor is certainly at work, with Greece's economy projected to expand this year by 3.8 percent, more than twice the EU average, and by 4.1 percent in 2003. Growth is being driven by high levels of public and private investment, backed by a five-year, $24.6-billion package of EU structural aid. A massive program of infrastructure improvements is aimed at giving the Greek capital world-class sports facilities and a modern transportation system in time for the 2004 Olympic Games. While unemployment is the second highest in the euro zone, this year it has declined to single digits (just less than 10 percent) for the first time since the mid-1990s. PASOK has expanded job creation programs targeting women and young people and has launched tax cuts for lower income workers. But they face criticism for postponing urgently needed pension system reforms and for failing to cut corporation taxes--among the highest in the euro zone at 35 percent--to boost inward investment. Foreign direct investment, averaging only around $1 billion yearly, is much lower than in the Central European countries that will join the EU in 2004. "When the EU funds start to decline after 2006, Greece will need a sharp increase in foreign investment to maintain reasonable rates of growth," says George Alogoskoufis, ND's spokesman on the economy. The Simitis government has earned praise from the US for arresting eighteen alleged members of the November 17 (N17) terrorist organization over the summer. Since its emergence in 1975, the left-wing group had claimed responsibility for more than twenty assassinations, including US diplomats and servicemen and, most recently, Stephen Saunders the UK defense attach in Athens, as well as dozens of bomb and rocket attacks. The arrests came after two years of close cooperation between Greek police and Scotland Yard over the Saunders killing. Trials are due to start early next year and are likely to last for months. The apparent dismantling of N17, together with plans to work closely with the US on security for the Athens Olympics, has brought a significant improvement in relations with Washington. In response to concerns that other members of the group were still at large, Simitis said: "We will deal thoroughly with the terrorism problem. There may be some pieces of N17 left, but we intend to expose them." This month EU leaders are due to approve the accession of Cyprus--even if it is still divided into separate Greek and Turkish Cypriot sectors--at their Copenhagen summit along with another nine enlargement candidates. Accession for the island will mark a milestone in Greek

Absorptive Capacity in Knowledge Management Essay

Absorptive Capacity in Knowledge Management - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the final result of absorptive capacity is thus innovation and already performance. Absorptive capacity may be construed as a four-tiered concept. It requires acquisition, proceeded by assimilation followed by transformation and eventually exploitation (Smith et. al., 2005). Acquisition involves the process of obtaining knowledge from external sources. The organization needs to have mechanisms for identifying that knowledge first. In essence, the acquisition process should be related to their core operations. Assimilation ought to follow this process; here, firms must capitalize on their processes and routines in order to interpret, analyze as well as understand the external knowledge. Once assimilation has occurred, the company ought to combine current and assimilated knowledge into one platform through transformation. This may involve a modification for existing practices. Finally, exploitation needs to take place, where a company leverages on its t ransformed capabilities by placing them into their operations. Acquisition may be influenced by a number of variables. The intensity and speed of knowledge acquisition has an effect on the outlook.  

Which Are The Effects Of Political Marketing In The Parliamentary Essay

Which Are The Effects Of Political Marketing In The Parliamentary Elections Of 2004 In Greece - Essay Example Opinion polls for the last year have given the right-of-center opposition New Democracy party (ND) a commanding lead, while Costas Simitis, the reformist prime minister and PASOK leader who steered Greece into the euro zone, has lost ground to Costas Karamanlis, his younger conservative rival. True, the ND party came out ahead of PASOK, winning mayoral races in Athens and Thessaloniki, Greece's two biggest cities. Furthermore, the conservatives exploited farmers' dissatisfaction with declining European Union subsidies to win thirty out of fifty-two provincial governor's posts. But PASOK held on to the high-profile post of Attica governor--won comfortably by Fofi Gennimata, a rising star and one of only a handful of women in the party's upper echelons. Overall, barely two percentage points separated the two big parties. While ND is still the favorite to win the next general election--not due until spring 2004 but likely to be held earlier--PASOK has shown remarkable powers of resilience. A feel-good factor is certainly at work, with Greece's economy projected to expand this year by 3.8 percent, more than twice the EU average, and by 4.1 percent in 2003. Growth is being driven by high levels of public and private investment, backed by a five-year, $24.6-billion package of EU structural aid. A massive program of infrastructure improvements is aimed at giving the Greek capital world-class sports facilities and a modern transportation system in time for the 2004 Olympic Games. While unemployment is the second highest in the euro zone, this year it has declined to single digits (just less than 10 percent) for the first time since the mid-1990s. PASOK has expanded job creation programs targeting women and young people and has launched tax cuts for lower income workers. But they face criticism for postponing urgently needed pension system reforms and for failing to cut corporation taxes--among the highest in the euro zone at 35 percent--to boost inward investment. Foreign direct investment, averaging only around $1 billion yearly, is much lower than in the Central European countries that will join the EU in 2004. "When the EU funds start to decline after 2006, Greece will need a sharp increase in foreign investment to maintain reasonable rates of growth," says George Alogoskoufis, ND's spokesman on the economy. The Simitis government has earned praise from the US for arresting eighteen alleged members of the November 17 (N17) terrorist organization over the summer. Since its emergence in 1975, the left-wing group had claimed responsibility for more than twenty assassinations, including US diplomats and servicemen and, most recently, Stephen Saunders the UK defense attach in Athens, as well as dozens of bomb and rocket attacks. The arrests came after two years of close cooperation between Greek police and Scotland Yard over the Saunders killing. Trials are due to start early next year and are likely to last for months. The apparent dismantling of N17, together with plans to work closely with the US on security for the Athens Olympics, has brought a significant improvement in relations with Washington. In response to concerns that other members of the group were still at large, Simitis said: "We will deal thoroughly with the terrorism problem. There may be some pieces of N17 left, but we intend to expose them." This month EU leaders are due to approve the accession of Cyprus--even if it is still divided into separate Greek and Turkish Cypriot sectors--at their Copenhagen summit along with another nine enlargement candidates. Accession for the island will mark a milestone in Greek

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response paper - Essay Example The video shows the grave situation which has resulted in the forest of Boulder, Colorado. This forest is a vast land accommodating thousands of pine trees. It does not only provide for scenic beauty; rather it is home to several people who live among the beautiful mountains, forests and lakes of Colorado. Due to the rising global temperatures, the trees of the forest are encountering parasitic invasion by the ‘pine beetles’. These insects only infest at warmer temperatures and due to the climate changes they have gained access to the pine trees of Colorado. Because of this massive invasion, the pine trees of Colorado are dying and their number has decreased significantly over the past years. The destruction of trees gives way to an unhealthy eco-system, as the animal species of the forest will encounter a disturbed cycle of life. Moreover, the increased number of dead tree logs also gives way to wild forest fires. The Fourmile forest fire of Colorado in 2010 was a devas tating outcome of global warming which led to many people losing their homes in Colorado. This is an upsetting outcome of global warming that has affected the human population. If the balance of environment is not restored, the outcomes can be more devastating and life-altering. In view of the government’s basic duty to protect the natural elements of its domain such as air and water, the residents of Boulder, Colorado are standing up for their rights and demanding the protection of their natural resources. It is stated by scientists that if we decrease the total carbon dioxide production by 6 percent per year and increase the number of forests, then the balance of environment can be restored. People who appreciate and enjoy the natural resources around them are raising their voices as environmental activists to spread awareness and acknowledgement among the masses. Video 2 There are various ominous signs that point towards the changing climate of Earth. These changes and the ir effects are going to indirectly affect the human population, by shortcomings in food and water resources. The melting of glaciers is one of those worrisome indicators that signify the pacing global warming and this video explains the negativities associated with this melting of glaciers. The Himalayas is home to many gigantic and historic glaciers. Many years back, these glaciers were a source of awe and wonderment for the discoverers and mountain explorers. The thought of disappearance of these colossally huge glaciers never even struck their minds. However, some of these glaciers are melting, which apart from being a problematic sign of global warming, is going to affect millions of people living in the Himalayas. Industrialization of the world is leading to the glacial melt, which is exhibited by the difference in their sizes when compared to the glaciers’ older pictures and descriptions. A very relevant example would be of the Kyetrak Glacier, Mountain Cho Oyu. The gla cier has been affected by the global warming and has shown signs of melting when compared to the 1921 and the 2009 descriptions of the glacier. The Rongbuk Glacier, located in the Himalayas, is another victim of global warming and mountain explorers describe drastic changes in the glacier over the past 30 years. Explorers describe the glacial melt to affect the inhabitants of Himalayas. They will be facing problems in their

The Negative Effects of Energy Drinks and Alcohol Essay Example for Free

The Negative Effects of Energy Drinks and Alcohol Essay In recent years the consumption of energy drinks combined with alcohol has become popular for young adults in North America. Energy drinks are caffeinated beverages that intend to provide a burst of energy and/or enhance alertness. The principle active ingredients in energy drinks are caffeine, high doses of sugar (or a sugar substitute), they generally include B vitamins, an amino acid, and plant/herbal extracts. Alcohol is a highly addictive and most commonly abused drug in North America that can impair vision, speech, memory, concentration, and reaction times along with other things. These energy drinks being a stimulant combined with alcohol being a depressant, can make a deadly cocktail for many reasons. The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks is a common drinking behavior on college campuses. Here are some premixed alcohol and energy drink products that are commonly consumed on campuses such as; Sparks, Rockstar 21, Tilt and Four Loko. Four Loko has five times the amount of calories than an average twelve-ounce beer at 660 calories per can. Alcoholic energy drinks have a higher concentration of alcohol by volume. Most of these drinks are between 10% and 12% alcohol by volume as compared to most beers that are 3% to 4% alcohol by volume. This could be a major health factor for the consumers of this product. It also leads up to obesity and heart related problems. Students would lose focus while being intoxicated, not focusing on their school work needed to graduate. Researchers have found that college students who use alcohol mixed with energy drinks tend to consume more alcohol and consume alcohol more often than those who do not combine alcohol with energy drinks (OBrian et al. , 2008; Thombs et al. , 2010). Energy drinks combined with alcohol are not safe for consumption. Energy drink consumption combined with alcohol may reduce perception of alcohol intoxication and/or lead to increased alcohol use. Alcohol mixed with energy drinks reduced the perception of headache, dry mouth, and impairment of motor coordination compared with alcohol alone. Perhaps leaving drinkers of alcohol mixed with energy drinks believing they are less intoxicated and more able to drive. These people are at a greater risk of driving drunk. Drunk drivers are dangerous not only because their reactions are delayed and motor coordination affected, but mainly because their capacity to evaluate the risks to which they will be exposed is also affected. People need to understand that the sensation of well-being does not necessarily mean that they are unaffected by alcohol. Despite how good they may feel, they shouldnt drink and drive. Never. (Souza-Formigoni 10). It leaves people with dehydration or possibly alcohol poisoning. There are many harmful things that one could encounter while consuming this deadly cocktail such as dehydration, alcohol poisoning, drunk driving, and heart attacks. Energy drinks (stimulant) and alcohol (depressant) should never be mixed together for these unhealthy and unsafe reasons.

Private And Private Sector In Economic Development Economics Essay

Private And Private Sector In Economic Development Economics Essay The private sector is one of the dominant features in developing the country and also regarded as the major engine of growth and seen as the driving force behind employment growth, which is expected to generate increased levels of productive employment to absorb the rapidly growing labor force. Given this strategic importance of the private sector in generating employment opportunities, the sectors role and relevance are examined in detail. After the 6th FYP Plan period (1987-92), the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) has privatized the most of the holdings of public sector enterprises and the liberalization of the Foreign Direct Investment has taken an extensive reforms in the financial sector which include the removal of restriction in foreign exchange on current account payments and transfers; liberalization of interest rate and establishment of stock exchange, also adaptation of legal industrial policies for the long term objective withdrawing from the commercially viable areas of economy. The total GDP growth accelerated to 6.7 percent during 2009 and per capita GDP income was recorded at USD 1,852 (Nu.83.340). In 2010 Bhutans GDP was at Nu. 61,223.5 millions with GDP Per Capita of Nu. 89,639.1 with an increase of Nu 6299 over preceding years despite numerous problem faced by the public and private sector. The public sector growth increases 15.5% in 2001 and decreases drastically to -35.3% in 2003. The reasons for decreasing the growth of public sector were in December 15, 2003 when the Royal Bhutan Army launched a crack-down anti India militants camping almost 12 years in Bhutan. The growth rate of public sector to 41.5% in 2006 was because of the road widening of national highway and many developmental activities. Of total employment 60% are employed in private sector and rest 40% are in public sector. The total 60000 formal sector jobs, it is estimated that 50 percent are held by non-nationals (30000 non-national workers are employed in the private sector). Introduction Bhutan, a small democratic constitutional monarchy has a population of less than 700,000 and being one of the least developed economies in the world is largely agrarian country. After what we called a globalization, the most craving forces to have arisen the history of mankind, Bhutan is facing one of the major challenges in the modern era. The government is trying to privatize the industry and the sector changes from the primarily agrarian to the secondary and tertiary sector. During the 6th Plan period (1987-92), the private sector development was given as the main objective of planned development activities to support private enterprises. Since then, the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) had privatized the most of the holdings of public sector enterprises such as tourism sector, transportation services, and maintenance and road infrastructure. Further it has corporatized airline, telecommunication, media, and postal services. Also the liberalization of the Foreign Direct Investment and had taken an extensive reforms in the financial sector which include the removal of restriction in foreign exchange on current account payments and transfers; liberalization of interest rate and establishment of stock. Throughout the assignment emphasis are given on meaning and role of public and private sector. The indicator of economic development, contribution of public and private sector contribution towards Gross National Product (GNI) of Bhutan, employment generation and some of the constraint faced face by the private and public sector in Bhutan. Definition of private and public sector Private sector Private sectors are those sectors which are owned by the individual or group of people whose benefit are consumed individually, those who are willing to pay and their sole objective as profit maximization. In other words private sectors are those firms and households owned by an individual for the personal benefits of the private individual [every citizen]. (Wilson Clark, p.76). In order to develop private sector though private sector development committee was formed in 2000 and reconstituted in 2009, still the government controls and regulate private sector development, thus due to the excessive regulation and unprotected economy has failed to grow the private sector in economy. (Metha, 2009, p: 11). Public sector The public sector is also a part of an economy of a country that is usually owned by the society and operated for the benefit of the whole country [society as a whole]. The public sector generally consists of federal, state, local and public institutions. Their core interest is about giving the facilities that can enjoy by the general public which are not given by the private sector such as road for the wellbeing of the citizens of the country, (Wilson Clark, p.76). In another terms it is define as an economy of a country where there is no rival in consumption and exclusion from the benefits such as road, school etc. History of private and public sector development in Bhutan The private sector in Bhutan although expanded rapidly over the last four decades yet, it is still relatively small and underdeveloped. During the 6th Plan period (1987-92), the private sector development was given as the main objective of planned development activities to support private enterprises. Since then, the RGoB has privatized the most of the holdings of public sector enterprises such as tourism sector, transportation services, maintenance and road infrastructure. Further it has corporatized airline, telecommunication, media, and postal services. Also the liberalization of the Foreign Direct Investment and had taken an extensive reforms in the financial sector which include the removal of restriction in foreign exchange on current account payments and transfers; liberalization of interest rate and establishment of stock exchange. RGOB also created business friendly environment which ejects private sector development with adaptation of legal industrial policies for the long term objective withdrawing from the commercially viable areas of economy to the provision of basic social and infrastructures facilities. Private sector in Bhutan, its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) share is less than 50 %, as construction sector contributing closely to one-fifth of GDP. But much of the GDP shares are derives from public sector such as hydropower. The total revenue generated over the last five year by the formal private sector it generated between 7% and 10%. And estimated employment in private sector was from 1 to 8% of the total population. In mid-2003, a total of 32,035 licenses were issued for commercial activities. Out of which included 17,725 trade licenses, 9,102 construction contractor licenses, 4,478 service-based licenses and 730 licenses in manufacturing. Based on the number of licensed private sector enterprises, more than 90% of licensed commercial entities are micro and small enterprises, with only limited number of medium-sized enterprises, (RGoB, p;74-75). By the end of the 10th FYP private sector is expected to take up the major commercial activities, remaining government as regulator of private sector and facilitate the development of private sector. (Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2010). Indicators of economic development The Economic indicators for Bhutan are as mentioned below. Literacy Rate The progress, development and growth of any country depend to a large extent on the quality and trained manpower available in different areas. Education contributes its vital inputs in the growth and prosperity of nation; in fact it is a backbone of every nation. Therefore, higher standard of education and literacy rate and the socio economic progress of the country move in parallel for the better understanding and the best development of the country. GDP Per Capita Gross domestic product (GDP) is defined as the total value of output of final goods and services produced within the domestic territory of a given country during the fiscal year. It is obtained through dividing constant price GDP by the total population of the country. According to labor data, Bhutans real GDP growth accelerated to 6.7 percent during 2009 and per capita GDP income was recorded at USD 1,852 (Nu.83.340). In 2010 Bhutans GDP was at Nu. 61,223.5 millions with GDP Per Capita of Nu. 89,639.1 With an increase of Nu 6299 (Bhutan 2010, Data Sheet). Yet if examine the below table 1, the real GDP growth rate in 2005 was 7% and drastically increased to 19.7% in 2007 as the secondary sector rose from 33.7% in 2005 to 43% in 2007 which is almost 10% from the preceding year. Contribution of the tertiary sector towards GDP decreased till 2007 and then increased but the secondary sector reflects the growth over the years which clearly shows an increase or gradual shift in the sector from primary to secondary sector and are mainly due the hydro power and the employment opportunities in the secondary sector. It also indicates the growth of economy of the country. Table; 1 Economic Indicators of the year 2005-2008 sector wise GDP Economic Indicator 2005 2006 2007 2008 GDP in current market price(NU in Million) 35496.9 3957.3 49381.7 54149.9 GDP in current market price(million in US $) 804.9 873.5 1192.8 1244.8 GNI/GNP in current price (million in Nu.) 34956.1 39670.0 49166.2 53010.6 Real GDP growth rate (%) 7.0 6.4 19.7 5.0 Implicit GDP deflator 125.0 130.6 136.6 142.5 Exchange rate (calendar)Nu/Us$ 44.1 45.3 41.4 43.5 Share to GDP by major sector in % Primary 24.0 24.4 20.6 21.2 Secondary 33.7 33.7 43.3 39.1 Tertiary 42.3 41.9 37.1 39.7 Source; National Accounts 2000-2008(2009, p.6) 3. Life Expectancy Life expectancy is one of the indicators of the economic development as the life expectancy and economic development is directly related. Higher the life expectancy means well developed economy of the country. Thus, the economic development includes life expectancy, basic health facilities, or amenities of life. With regards to Bhutan 2010, Data Sheet, the overall life expectancy is 68.9, for male and female life expectancy is 68.4 and 69.4 respectively, so it clearly indicates as an instrumental role in the economic development of a country. 4. Balance of Payment. The balance of payment indicates the growth of economy of a country which the revenue earned is more than the current expenditure, known as positive and vice versa. If the BOP is positive, definitely it brings the economic development and negative slow down the growth. 5. Measures of poverty The measure taken to eradicate the poverty helps economy of a country to grow stronger and is also one of the main objectives of 10th FYP to eradicate poverty below 15% by the end of the FYP. As suggested by the National Statistical Bureau, person should earn about minimum of Nu 1096.94 as their monthly salary in which Nu 867 must be food expenditure and the rest expenditure on other than food. The poverty rate in Bhutan has decreased from 31.7 percent to 23.2 percent in 2004 to 2007. (Poverty Analysis, 2007). The role of Public sector Capital formation The sector also helps in the formation of capital in a way that revenue earned will add to the Gross capital of the country there by increasing the capital formation and indirectly increases the per capita income of an individual. For example, the revenue earned through hydro power will increase the revenue base of the country and also a main revenue contributor in Bhutan. Balance regional development In public sector whose benefits are collectively consumed and there is no rival in consumption, their services like transportation, education, electricity, health facilities are for the general public so there is less regional disparity. Furthermore the balance and equitable development is one of the pillars of Gross National Happiness, a guiding philosophy of development, so there is less disparity. Redistribution of income Most of the employment opportunities are given by the public sector and also increases the marginal propensity to save by the different societies of economy as it provides the social welfare, equal opportunities there by increasing average disposable income minimizing the income disparity between poor and rich. Poverty reduction and living standard Public sector mainly focuses on the social welfare providing basic amenities of life such as rural safe drinking water schemes, public health facilities etc. This increases the life expectancy of people employment opportunities would raises the income of individual in the society. 5 Increase social welfare. The public sector basically focuses for providing the social welfare of the different economy class of people be it rural or urban by providing social services like communication service, transportation, electricity safe drinking water, sanitation etc, thus increasing the social welfare of general public. Contribution of public and private sector towards GDP (GNI) of Bhutan The GDP is also one of the capital formations of the country and are calculated early in the country. The GDP of a country is can be defined as the value of all final goods and services that are produced by normal residents of a country in fiscal year. The table below shows the GDP contribution by major private and public sector in Bhutan. Table No. 2: Gross Domestic Capital Formation at Constant price (Nu. in million). Year Capital formation of private sector Capital formation of public sector Growth rate of private sector Growth rate of Public sector 2000 6785.5 3080.1 0.0 0.0 2001 9802 3556.4 44.5 15.5 2002 11709.2 4095.7 19.5 15.2 2003 14258.2 2647.9 21.8 -35.3 2004 16842.3 3236 18.1 22.2 2005 14904.6 3669.7 -11.5 13.4 2006 13524.1 5193 -9.3 41.5 2007 13235.4 6302.4 -2.1 21.4 2008 14435.3 6729.2 9.1 6.8 2009 18263 7038.2 26.5 4.6 Source: National Accounts Statistics, 2009 The above table 2 represents the gross Domestic capital formation in the year of 2000 to 2009. Keeping base year as 2000, it is calculated the percentage of growth rate of public and private sector. The above table 2 is explained with the help of following graph 1. Graph 1; Growth of capital formation of private and public sector at current prices. The private sector overall growth is highest was in 2001 with44.5% and the negative growth was in 2005 with -11.5%, this negative growth was because of the natural calamities that results in slow down of the private sector. In the above graph the public sector growth increases 15.5% in 2001 and decreases drastically to -35.3% in 2003. The main reasons for decreasing the growth of public sector were in December 15, 2003 when the Royal Bhutan Army launched a crack-down anti India militants camping almost 12 years in Bhutan. The gradual growth rate of public sector to 41.5% in 2006 was because of the road widening of national highway from Paro to Thimphu, Phuntsholing to Thimphu and Samdrup jongkhar to Trashigang. Employment contribution from both sectors The agriculture sector is one of the main sources livelihoods as 79% of total population are dependent on agriculture and are residing in countryside. In 2007 the employment contributed by agriculture was 64.2% out of 7.8% arable land. In the 9th Five Year Plan the total work force is around 60,000 persons out of which 30,000 are non-nationals and majority of them are employed in the construction activities. To create employment opportunities for the increasingly literate workforce in private sector has been Royal government major priority and issue of the Ninth Five Year Plan. (http//:www.org.bt/constructionsector.php). The following table shows the employment contribution made by both sector of the economy in 2010. Table3: The number of persons employed by type of enterprise Sector Number of persons employed Government 49,900 Public corporation 10,500 Private corporation 8500 Armed forces 4900 Private Business 66,000 Agriculture farming 180,200 NGO/INGO 1000 Total 320900 Source: Labor force survey 2010 From the table above we can conclude that almost 60 percent of the total work force is engaged in private sector and remaining 40 percent of the total labor force in public sector. We can also draw that the majority of population (1.80, 200) are engaged in agricultural farming, followed by the private business (66,000) and governments mostly civil servant (49, 900). Difficulties of Private Sectors and public Sectors The major difficulties face by the private and public sector are mainly due to difficult in access to land, skilled labor, tax policies labor shortage, financial system in Bhutan and some of them are listed below: Underdeveloped Infrastructure The lack of infrastructure is the main problem in the promotion of private sector in Bhutan, despite the tremendous construction of infrastructure and expansion of the road network since the inception of the first FYP till date. More than 50 percent of population has excess to motor able road but due to steep terrain within the relatively young and unstable Himalayan mountain range makes the cost of road construction and maintenance very difficult, in subject to frequent landslides especially during the monsoon seasons. Inefficient Human Resources. Despite the differences in opinion, faith, diversity and disparities in working methodologies Bhutan lack in the skill base of human resources and have limited number of technically trained people ( skilled labor) in field which has forced our private sector and public sector in an infant stage, since half of the population are illiterate (59.5%). Lack of entrepreneurial culture and skills Entrepreneurial skills and business knowledge is most important and are fundamental in development of private sector which most of Bhutanese lack in this field since most of the citizens are afraid of taking risk and do not look for long term benefits. Lack of Market Due to lack of advanced technology and machinery the cost of production are high and are difficult to find market outside the country or lack of efficient market to absorb domestically produced goods is problem in Bhutan. Therefore it always has been slowing down economy to progress. Financial in Adequacy Most of the development activities of private and public sector are done through external grants and loans as well as donations. It is very difficult to finance through domestic finance because the profit earned by the public sector are barely enough to make to upgrade the economy activities of the country. Conclusion The development of economy started in 1960s and after the commencement of 1st Five Year Plan Bhutanese economy experienced the considerable achievement of planned economic. Over the last 50 years of planned socio-economic development, it has brought about significant structural changes in the economy progressing towards secondary and tertiary sectors from primary sector including both private and public sector. This structural changes are brought down by the privatization of public sector to the private sector, thus accelerating the average annual growth rate of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through an increased of production and tax base contribution by the private sector to the government after 6th Five Year Plan. As developing country, there is less number of capable people to operate private business and organizations which slows down our economic growth due to inefficient performance like lack of efficient human capital, market, infrastructure, financial support and excessive regulation the government. Therefore, it recommended that government and private individual to install new machinery rather than focusing on the old installed machinery. Also giving opportunities to train our human resource outside the country and share their views and ideas. Signing bilateral trade agreement with developing partners will help to overcome problem of market and setting up commercial banks to provide long term loans to the private or the public sector and existing commercial banks to provide loan at affordable interest rate will help in achieving the role private and public sector in economic development of the country. In order to develop private sector government must liberalize the tax, revising the existing policies, plans which will help the private sector to grow and also minimizing the regulation setup by the government.

Defining Blackness in How it Feels to Be Colored Me by Zora Neale Hurston :: How it Feels to Be Colored Me

Defining "Blackness" in Terms of "Whiteness" in How it Feels to Be Colored Me  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wald argues that any social critique must work to divest the rhetoric of the dominant discourse of its co-optive power. American rhetoric readily co-opts stories of Black selves through an incorporating language of difference that obscures the actual nature of that difference. Writers of slave narratives and, later, Black autobiographers, countered charges of racial inferiority with testimonies to their industry, ingenuity, and Christian virtues, adopting precisely those terms of the Protestant work ethic through which the culture justified its domination and thereby mitigated their differences(Andrews, 95 ). Defining "blackness" in terms of "whiteness" (reference to the concept of binary opposition in which one term negates the other) submits to the authorization of the dominant discourse and enters into the cultural subjectivity implicit in language. The altemative is equally problematic, however, since the American democratic idealism ensured that any assertion of difference that could not be incorporated into the pervasive national rhetoric was systematically excluded (Wald, 80). Perhaps because of her anthropological training and her doubly marginal status as an African-American woman, Hurston invented a strategy that enabled her to speak from the margins. She employed an African-American language, a symbolic system that reconstituted representation itself and disrupted the dualism of the dorninant discourse. "The Negroes...very words are action words... the suggestiveness of African-American art transforms the spectator into an actor who participat[es] in the performance himself carrying out the suggestions of the performer" (Hurston, 49). Blackness becomes experiential rather than essential, a "quality that permeates and suffuses rather than defines"(Wald, 87). The vitality of the language blurs oppositional boundaries and whatever the meaning of 'blackness' is, the performer and spectator are mutually involved in a relationship that undermines the representation of blackness as sin against a moral white background (Wald, 87). Hurston draws us into the dynamics of"coloration" by redesignating "color" as performance. She inverts her experience of feeling different in a white environment by setting "a white person ...down in our mist," and, again, her "color comes"(Anthology, 1985). Hurston represents the difference in the context of a jazz performance, in which the orchestra "plunges into a number ...constricts the thorax and splits the heart... grows rambunctious, rears on its hind legs and attacks the tonal veil with primitive fury, rendering it, clawing it until it breaks through to a jungle beyond"(Anthology, 1985).

Air Conditioner Controller :: essays research papers

1. INTRODUCTION Today, thanks to the advancement in the field of electronics, most of the manually controlled systems are getting replaced with sophisticated electronic circuits with intelligent controlls. These circuits are capable of monitoring, analyzing and controlling the systems. In earlier days these electronic circuits were fabricated around discrete hardware components such as transistors, logic ICs etc that made the system bulky and costly. Also since the component count was more the failure rate was also more. But now due to the introduction of single chip microcontrollers, the hardware part was drastically reduced; so also the cost and size of the hardware has come down to a large extent. As a result almost all of the control circuits are designed over single chip microcontrollers. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SCOPE OF THE PROJECT The primary objective of this project is to make a simple circuitry for Air conditioner controller. This circuitry is based on the state of the art technology of Microcontrollers .The features of the project is has given below 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Facility to set the temperature using a potentiometer. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Display indicates the temperature – both the set value and the actual value. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An indication when the set range is beyond limits. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The system turns ON the Air conditioner when the set temperature. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A mode selector switch is provided to select between SET MODE and RUN MODE. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the SET mode is selected the display indicates the set value. When RUN mode is selected the display indicates the actual room temperature. The whole circuitry works on 230V AC. From this a series regulator is designed to derive +5V regulated supply for the microcontroller part. The circuitry is based on the popular microcontroller Atmel 89S8252 The project consists of necessary software and hardware for implementing the above function. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BLOCK SCHEMATIC OF THE PROJECT The figure below shows the block schematic of the project. This consists of the following. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power Supply Unit 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Microcontroller Unit 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Potentiometer For Temperature Set. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Temperature Sensor Circuit 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Display Circuit 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Relay Driver Circuit It also consists of the following indications 1. Temperature Display on seven segment Display (2 digit) 2. A set range out indication. The circuit turns on a relay when the set temperature is less than the room temperature. This relay turns ON the Air Conditioner. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  STUDY OF MICROCONTROLLER This project makes use of a microcontroller-based circuitry for decision making such as password checking and device control. The microcontroller used here is microchip make PIC series IC 16F870. a. Microprocessors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A microprocessor, as the term has come to be known, is a general- purpose digital computer central processing unit (CPU).

Attitude Reflects Leadership

A leader is someone who is held to high standards and is looked upon to make decisions of his or her followers. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was a perfect leader because of the many attributes he demonstrated as President of the United States. He led this country through moments in history which consist of the Great Depression and World War II. There are six main qualities that define a good leader. President Franklin D. Roosevelt demonstrated such honorable qualities which brought America out of a desperate crisis changing America forever.Integrity is a quality that a leader must establish. A person with integrity has the same integrity on the outside as they do on the inside. Such an individual can be trusted because he or she never veers from inner values, even when it might be expeditious to do so. FDR articulated this quality when he strived to entrust the American people through his fireside chats. It was then that he confided in the American people as to the burdens during the Gr eat Depression and his plan to make a better America.Dedication is another quality that determines the value of a leader. To accomplish this, a leader will spend dedicated time and energy necessary to successfully complete the task at hand. Dedication goes beyond the call of duty of what is expected of you. FDR was composed of this quality. He always sought to help the American people by giving them a chance to get some money in their pockets and get employment to help solve the Great Depression.Roosevelt made a New Deal in which he made corporations and laws that helped give people jobs and become financially stable. An example of this was when the Works Progress Administration (WPA) employed people to do artistic, public works and research projects. This New Deal showed that FDR was dedicated to making our country one of equal opportunity and an all-around better place to live.The openness of a leader is a strong quality which attributes to listening to new ideas even if they do n ot conform to the usual way of thinking. FDR was able to suspend judgment of others and welcome their ideas. He related to other people and sympathized with the tough time of their day-to-day  lives. He understood what the American people valued and worked hard to develop new laws helping to put an end to the Great Depression.Creativity is the ability to think differently and to go outside the box to make solutions. Roosevelt was filled with this gifted quality. He always developed new solutions and laws that would contribute to not only more jobs for the people but jobs that would help the environment as well.Assertiveness is the ability to clearly state what one expects so that there will be no misunderstandings. Along with assertiveness comes the responsibility to clearly understand what followers expect from their leader. FDR clearly had this through doing things in a timely and efficient manner. FDR was the most active and proficient President in his first 100 days in office. He worked diligently on the New Deal in order to give people new jobs to recover from debt and the Great Depression. It was the strong quality of assertiveness that led the country to a clear understanding of our President’s tactics.The final quality of leader is a sense of humor which is vital to relieving tension as well as to defuse hostility, therefore, maintaining a level of harmony. Effective leaders know how to energize their followers. Humor is a form of power that provides control over the working environment. FDR had a great sense of humor always talking to people and always putting a smile on his face to let America know even in the toughest times, he can still laugh and be happy. This left people with a positive sense of hope in their President. One reporter Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. is reported to have said â€Å"Roosevelt has a second class intellect but a first class personality (Bennett, 156).†The nature of the time and the obstacles a leader might fac e during FDR’s 12 years in office was a Great Depression. A time whereby most of the entire country was hurting from another World War, which people were against. This combined was a tough enough job to conquer let alone the everyday obstacles a President faces while in the White House. These times were the hardest that any US President might ever have faced. The leadership qualities that I have explained resulted in the success of our 32nd President FDR. It was these qualities that gave him the strength, character and leadership to be one of the greatest Presidents to have ever led our country. Roosevelt was a man of  sold effort and who welcomed and invited challenges.Two of his biggest challenges were the Great Depression and World War II. His divine qualities led our country out of these catastrophic events bringing America to the great country that it is today. Roosevelt ultimately saved capitalism through his economic reforms. His regulations of economic affairs intro duced the government into many areas of new life. The New Deal was the new life that was breathed into Congress which brought about new jobs and money for the people. Roosevelt’s enthusiasm for his programs led him to be a sense or peace for the people of the country. Although his New Deal was not the biggest utility to help the Great Depression, it did help psychologically by giving the American people the feeling that everything was going to be alright.It gave the people hope that our country would survive through distraught times. In 1937 an economic depression was reversed to a recession. James MacGregor Burns put it as â€Å"luck came to save FDR (Bennett, 201).† It was in fact the truth as the New Deal did not form this recession. Ultimately the war in Europe gave American business new markets, making the United States as Roosevelt puts it the â€Å"great arsenal of democracy (Updegrove, 56).† The war opened up jobs for men and women, African Americans, an d other minorities. Even though we were just giving aid to our Allies Britain and were for a policy of isolationism, it still produced more jobs because we had troops going to war and giving other Americans opportunities.On December 7, 1941 the Japanese changed that with the bombing of Pearl Harbor and America declared war on the Japanese opening up even more jobs because more and more troops were being sent over to go fight for our country. During the war, Roosevelt took his role as commander in chief very seriously involving him in military planning and sometimes overriding the opinions of joint chiefs. He kept the same men at the top of the command structure from the beginning of the war to its end. His performance during the war, overall aided the war. His political awareness kept up the morale of the American people. FDR is typically portrayed as an isolationist and a belligerent being pushed into the war.A combination of him not wanting to be in the war and him wanting to be i n the war is what made this a strategic approach to the war itself. Although his actions seemed to draw the United States into deeper involvement in the war, FDR continued to pursue his goal of keeping the United States out of conflict.  Rather than dissembling, Roosevelt charted a steady and rational approach based on his strategic perspective. His approach toward the war blended the isolationist view with his desire to keep out of European conflicts with active efforts to overthrow Adolf Hitler and his Nazi regiment.Once the war started FDR wanted to influence the outcome of the war so he and his administration thought they could cause Germany to collapse themselves to lead to their demise as well as Hitler’s. FDR realized that he could not make the same mistake of Woodrow Wilson and declare the country neutral. Instead, he and deliberately pursued opportunities to aid the French and British with ammunitions, aircraft and supplies. During the late 1930s the Roosevelt admi nistration envisioned Germany’s power as extremely diminutive and its people under abuse with several years of full mobilization.These beliefs caused the outbreak of the war and these conditions were comparable to those of the First World War. In 1940, FDR predicted that â€Å"there will be a revolution in Germany itself (McPherson 226).† This prediction that helped save the American people from both the Great Depression and World War II was absolutely remarkable. Overall, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was a man of integrity, dedication, openness, creativity, assertiveness, and a light sense of humor. These qualities are what made him an intelligent, respected leader of the American people. Without the guidance of President Roosevelt, United States history may have been changed.His dedication led this country out of the Great Depression and a hideous Second World War. Franklin Delano Roosevelt is a true human symbol of what the United States stands for and believes in as a leader of our country. Many Presidents recite in their Presidential Inauguration Speech that they will perform their job as president to the â€Å"best of their ability (McPherson 1).† President Roosevelt did indeed perform to the best of his ability and led America out of a time of despair through his exquisite qualities of devout leadership.

Mezirow’s Theory of Perspective Transformation

Mezirow’s Theory of Perspective Transformation Mezirow’s Theory of Perspective Transformation Adults today are the products of their individual histories and experiences, which influence their attitudes, thinking processes, and conceptualization of their worlds. John Mezirow believed that adults can be transformed from these experiences; however, the transformative learning involves critical self-reflection (Mezirow, 1990). Mezirow understood that adults can be transformed through a process of intertwining a disorientating dilemma followed by critical reflection and new interpretations of the experience.Mezirow’s process of perspective transformation is often illustrated as linear, additionally; Mezirow characterized ten phases starting with disorienting dilemma and ending with perspective transformation (Mezirow, 1990). Understanding the transformative learning and the disorientating dilemma helps adults appreciate and understand Mezirow’s theory of persp ective transformation. The start of my transformation begins with an experience. For example, an experience that I encountered was this past May after graduating from Immaculata University under-graduate program.My disorienting dilemmas begins with choosing the continuation of my education to pursue a Master’s Degree or begin the long and tedious process of job seeking and interviewing in a bleak economy. I believe that my decision is life altering and will only help me pursue a flourishing life. Evidence from Mezirow’s theory and the phases of transformative learning suggests that my dilemma falls under the first process of a disorienting dilemma (Anonymous, n. d. ). After graduation I had a few months to figure out a strategy and implement my plan.While exploring my options and figuring out a plan I became struck with fear, this fear came from the â€Å"unknown† of my future. To overcome my fear of the â€Å"unknown† I first self-examine who I am. I nee ded to get a better idea of who I am today and who I want to be tomorrow. After I made my decision to go back to school I began to talk more and more about graduate school with my family and close friends. Once the discussion of me going back to school began, I started to hear about other’s pursuing a graduate degree all around me.For example I play basketball locally in two different leagues. Most of the teams are composed of collage or recently graduated students. After I told my friends in the basketball leagues about my plans of going back to school a few of them also stated that they were applying or already enrolled for graduate school. Hearing other’s committing to furthering their education and the process of enrolling helped calm the fear I had deep inside. Further reassurance was added that others also shared in common the same transformation that I was tackling.This shared transformation between friends falls under Mezirow fourth phase (Anonymous, n. d. ) On ce I overcame my fear of the â€Å"unknown† I started to initiate my plan of action which falls under the sixth stage of Mezirow’s theory (Anonymous, n. d. ). My plan started with looking at local schools in the area with either an MBA or MA program in Marketing or Leadership studies. I looked at a few specific schools such as West Chester, Widener, and Immaculata University’s.After researching these schools I applied to them and waited to hear back for good news. Unfortunately I did not get into my first choice of Widener because I was 70 points short of the requirement for my g-mat score. However, I did get accepted into West Chester and Immaculata. After I had gotten accepted into graduate school I felt a sigh of relief that I had accomplished my goal of starting the new path to further my education. When I entered into graduate school this was a completely new experience as well as a new role for myself.I wanted to build up my self-confidence in my new roles and environment to reach my upmost potential. Building up my self-confidence was tough at first but I began to slowly overcome this from the support of my family, classmates, and professors. Progress was slow at first because of the â€Å"unknown† that I was dealing with in a new program and environment. Once I got over my first road bump I really started to take off with self-confidence which falls under Mezirow’s ninth phase (Anonymous, n. d. ).The last phase of Mezirow’s theory is the action of the final component of the transformative learning process (Merriam, Caffarella, Baumgartner, 2007). When I was dealt with my disorientating dilemma I took a delayed action to retort my options and plan. After reality set in that now is the time to make my transformation this was the end of a new beginning. My action to follow through with my choice to further my education is based off of my new found perspective from my disorientating dilemma and Mezirow’s ten phases of transformational learning.Reference: Merriam, S. B. , Caffarella, R. S. , & Baumgartner, L. (2007). Learning in adulthood: A comprehensive guide (3. ed. ). San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons. Mezirow, J. (1990). A guide to transformational and emancipatory pratice. PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning, 7, 1-14. Retrieved February 14, 2011, from http://www. iup. edu/assets/0/347/349/4951/4977/10251/AF0EAB12-C2CE-4D2C-B1A0-59B795415437. pdf Anonymous. (n. d. ) Transformational theory.