Hong Kong Today

kind Studies F4 Second shapeHong Kong this instant ? Indicators used to understand poverty in HK ? ? ? ? Income Health Education ? ? ? nourishment conditions Employment Community / family incarnate voice 1Poverty Disparity / discrepancy between rich and miserable ? Gini coefficient Range from 0 to 1 0 = income distribution is absolute catch 1 = income distribution is absolute un represent ? Challenges faced by unretentive people ? Employment usually contr crook staff, low income, lack fatigue protection ? ? ? ? Support limited support channels from administration Living standard X fulfill basic needs (eg. ealthc atomic number 18 service) Intergenerational poverty kindred no family time ? marital / familial conflicts ? Disadvantaged groups ? Men vs. Women do housework + child care ? HK citizens vs. New arrivals less assistance from presidency discrimination (reduces HK citizens job opportunities) ? ? CSSA Comprehensive Social Security Assistance HK establishmentposi tive non-interventionist approach ( ) ? ? ? A regulator rather than a supplier of upbeat programmes Free market / trade policy ? Minimal government intervention Low taxation constitution encompassing Studies F4 Second termHong Kong Today Section 2Quality of Life ?Measuring QoL ? Dimensions economic neighborly political cultural environmental ? Objective indicators (statistical data) Income wealth geological fault Social welfare life expectancy Electoral strategy elector turnout rate Variety of cultural sourivities museums libraries Living space cable pollution index Subjective indicators (peoples feelings) ? happiness with economy / income Satisfaction with public health, freedom of speech, welfare Satisfaction with governments implementation Perceived human rights enjoyed Satisfaction with cultural environment, diversity Satisfaction with funding / natural environment Obstacles to better QoL in HK ? HK has a pervasive purification of long works hours ? Stay until boss leaves ? Not much speech pattern on importance of work-life balance ? Constant reaffirmation of good working ethics ? ? Life chances are determined by individual efforts worn out collective bargaining motive between workers ? Strategies used in promoting jab rights ? ? ? Legislation and enforcement Management and regulation Education and publicity ? ? Public combat Research ? Organisations and treaties ? International Labour Organisation (ILO) ? The Universal Declaration of gracious Rights (UDHR) ?The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) Right of everyone to usage of just & favourable conditions of work Safe and healthy working conditions Rest, leisure and reasonable limitation of working hours Liberal Studies F4 Second termHong Kong Today Section 3 bump of fairness ? Rule of Law ? solely individuals are equal in front of law ? Government should act in accordance with its established statutes ( ) ? ? ? Both the government and the citizens must act according to such statutes The independency of the judiciary institution is guaranteed to maintain find out of lawHow to ensure judicial independence ( ) ? ? Way of appointing judges should be out from external pressure Constitutions ( ) should be written for and monitored by people ? Rule of law is actualization of constitutional democracy ? Principles of rule of law (remember ) ? Everyone is equal before the law ? Government should act in accordance to the law ? The law should non have retroactive effect ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Judicial independence The law clauses should be simple and easy to understand The law clauses should not be self-contradictory Filing an appeal ( ) is allowed Judicial review ( is allowed healthy aid is offered Should go through sufficient public consultation brook innocence before conviction / proven guilty Law should be the lowest limit to protect individual freedom *** Police power should be limited under rule of law ? Functions of LegCo ? Enact ( ) laws ? ? ? envision public expenditure Monitor the work of government Unfairness of regularise Council elections ? Not all DC members are select directly by voters ? Some DC members are appointed by Chief administrator ? Presence of ex-officio members ( ) Liberal Studies F4 Second termHong Kong Today Section 3Rule of law ?Functional Constituencies ? Rationale for introducing FCs To use their professional experience for the benefit of the public by helping people ? analyse problems curtilage to maintain FCs To ensure equilibrise participation ? people, government and business field / FCs should play an equal part in decision-making Contradiction between balanced participation and direct election Representatives of government and FCs are not directly elected by people Fundamental flaws of FCs Not directly elected by people Distrust by people at the extraction Emphasise too much on their own interests ?Often equal to motions supported by directly elected GC members An obstacle to motions that are beneficial to general public Corporate votes Encourage corporate welfare Represent only interests of certain groups instead of whole sector profitableness of businesses often depends on government licenses, regulations, subsidies government count on support of business interests in LegCo and CE elections ? ? ? ? ? Not all practitioners working in the sector / industry can vote Split voting system ? Motions supported by GCs are often opposed by FCs ? resurrect favouritism towards business sector / government?Criteria for popular electoral system ? Principle of universality ( ) ? Principle of equality ( ) Electoral Affairs deputation ( ) ? Ensure that elections are carried out in a fair, open and respectable manner ? ? ? Geographical Constituency has a broader electoral base (no. of registered voters) than Functional Constituency Liberal Studies F4 Second termHong Kong Today ? Chief Executive Election ? end point of office 5 years, re newable once only ? Elected by Election Committee (800 members) Election Committee (2008) 1. Industrial, commercial and financial sectors (200) 3.Labour, social services, religious and other sectors (200) ? Section 3Rule of law 2. The professions (200) 4. semipolitical sector members of LegCo, HK deputies to NPC (200) Article 45 of Basic Law ? The ultimate prepare is the selection of CE by universal suffrage upon nomination by a broadly representative nominating committee in accordance with democratic procedures Latest development ? EC increases from 800 to 1200 ? 75 of 100 additional seating area for political sector occupied by DC members ? ? Why EC is divided into variant subsectors? ? Ensure balanced participation and broad bureau ? Increases the genuineness ( of government Expansion of EC ? Advantages Include people from different sectors to elect CE EC composition resembles diff. sectors in society ? depend over views of diff. people ? People more contented ? Fairly high legitimacy level of CE Disadvantages Not all people can degenerate vote in CE election People may think that electors in EC cannot fully represent their views Presence of corporate votes undermines the representativeness of EC ? Represent corporate interests but not general public interests No political competition in some sub-sector elections ? Weaken legitimacy of CE ? ? ? Small circle election