Saturday, May 16, 2020
Evolution of Management - 1893 Words
Evolution of Management By Jason Kolff American Public University January 27, 2008 In this paper I will be explaining the evolution of management from the beginning of the industrial revolution to present which includes Classical School of Management, the Human Relations/ Behavioral School of Management, Theory X and Y, the Scientific Approach, Contingency Approach, and Theory Z. I will also be comparing the classical style and the present style to eachâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He argued that management was a universal process that consisting of functions, which he termed planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. Fayol believed that all managers performed these functions and that the functions distinguished management as a separate discipline of study apart from accounting, finance, and production. [2] Fayol also presented fourteen principles of management, which included; the division of work, authority and responsibility, unity of command and direction, centralization, subordinate initiative, team spirit/espirit de corps, initiative , stability of personnel, order, equity, discipline, unity of direction, remuneration/ fair compensation, scalar chain/chain of command. Behavioral or Human Relations management emerged in the 1920s and dealt with the human aspects of organizations. It has been referred to as the neoclassical school because it was initially a reaction to the shortcomings of the classical approaches to management. The human relations movement began with the Hawthorne Studies which were conducted from 1924 to 1933 at the Hawthorne Plant of the Western Electric Company in Cicero, Illinois. One of the major conclusions of the Hawthorne studies was that workers attitudes are associated with productivity. Another was that the workplace is a social system and informal group influence, could have a powerful effect on individual behavior. A third was that the style of supervision is anShow MoreRelatedEvolution of Management1083 Words à |à 5 PagesEvolution of Management The evolution of management can be divided into three distinct eraââ¬â¢s. The Pre-Classical Era, Classical era and Neo-classical era. Pre-Classical Era From the Biblical times we find monarchies of the time use some form of management to lord over the great kingdoms such as the Egyptians who used hierarchy management to build the pyramids, Moses leading the Israelites through the desert to the promised land and King David when he was in charge of the kingdom of Israel. InRead MoreThe Evolution Of Sport Management1486 Words à |à 6 PagesThe evolution of sport management Comparatively, the field of sport management is a rather new academic discipline (Chalip, 2006), which has faced some challenges in terms of justifying its importance in the academic world. Nonetheless, Chalip (2006) believes it was an unavoidable course for the evolution of sport management. Mullin (1980) defined the sport manager as follows: ââ¬ËA person whose job entails planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling to be performed within the contextRead MoreEssay on Evolution of Management649 Words à |à 3 Pagespast hundred years management has continuously been evolving. There have been a wide range of approaches in how to deal with management or better yet how to improve management functions in our ever changing environment. From as early as 1100 B.C managers have been struggling with the same issues and problems that managers face today. 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Four key developments in the evolution of personnel management: 1. Industrial revolution era: prior to this revolution individuals use to manufacture from their home and Child labour was common. This revolution began with the invention of new manufacturing machinery which altered the nature of the society. There was ready availability of labours. Workers get higher wages than earned before. Working
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